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From uni-regensburg.de!fauern!zib-berlin.de!netmbx.de!Germany.EU.net!EU.net!howland.reston.ans.net!usenet.ins.cwru.edu!magnus.acs.ohio-state.edu!cis.ohio-state.edu!news.sei.cmu.edu!fs7.ece.cmu.edu!vw.ece.cmu.edu!derekn Fri Jan 21 01:05:03 1994
Path: uni-regensburg.de!fauern!zib-berlin.de!netmbx.de!Germany.EU.net!EU.net!howland.reston.ans.net!usenet.ins.cwru.edu!magnus.acs.ohio-state.edu!cis.ohio-state.edu!news.sei.cmu.edu!fs7.ece.cmu.edu!vw.ece.cmu.edu!derekn
From: derekn@ece.cmu.edu (Derek B. Noonburg)
Newsgroups: comp.sys.powerpc,comp.answers,news.answers
Subject: PowerPC Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
Followup-To: comp.sys.powerpc
Date: 20 Jan 1994 16:29:22 GMT
Organization: Electrical and Computer Engineering, Carnegie Mellon
Lines: 609
Approved: news-answers-request@MIT.Edu
Message-ID: <PowerPC_759083356@ece.cmu.edu>
NNTP-Posting-Host: vw.ece.cmu.edu
Summary: This posting contains a list of frequently asked questions
about the PowerPC architecture and PowerPC-based computers.
Originator: derekn@vw.ece.cmu.edu
Xref: uni-regensburg.de comp.sys.powerpc:5951 comp.answers:3062 news.answers:9821
Archive-name: powerpc-faq
Last-modified 20-January-94
========================================================================
PowerPC FAQ
20 January 1994
========================================================================
The PowerPC FAQ is maintained by Derek Noonburg (derekn@ece.cmu.edu).
Please send me any and all additions, corrections, clarfications, and
suggestions.
========================================================================
Index
========================================================================
[0] Introduction
[0-1] Where can a current copy of this FAQ be obtained?
[0-2] What newsgroups are appropriate for PowerPC discussions?
[0-3] What other FAQs contain PowerPC information?
[0-4] What other net sources (ftp, gopher, etc.) contain PowerPC
information?
[0-5] Contributors.
[1] Processor
[1-1] What is a PowerPC?
[1-2] How does PowerPC relate to POWER and POWER2?
[1-3] What processors have been announced? What are their specs?
When will they be available? How much will they cost?
[1-4] How fast is a PowerPC?
[1-5] Where can I get more information on the PowerPC?
[2] Hardware
[2-1] What PowerPC-based computers are/will be available? When will
they be available? How much will they cost?
[2-2] What is PReP?
[3] Software
[3-1] What operating systems will run on PowerPC-based computers?
When will they be available?
[3-2] What is PowerOpen?
[3-3] What is Taligent / Pink?
[3-4] Will NextStep be ported to the PowerPC?
[3-5] Can IBM-PC / Macintosh software be run on PowerPC-based
computers?
[4] Comparisons
[4-1] Should I buy a PowerPC system rather than a Pentium or 68k
system?
[4-2] What will be the differences between the various
PowerPC-based personal computers?
[5] Misc
[5-1] What's the deal with Ford and the PowerPC?
========================================================================
[0] Introduction
========================================================================
[0-1] Where can a current copy of this FAQ be obtained?
This FAQ is posted monthly on comp.sys.powerpc, comp.answers, and
news.answers. It is also archived on the news.answers archives,
available for anonymous ftp from rtfm.mit.edu as
pub/usenet/news.answers/powerpc-faq.
[0-2] What newsgroups are appropriate for PowerPC discussions?
Comp.sys.powerpc is the primary newsgroup for PowerPC discussion.
From the charter: "comp.sys.powerpc (unmoderated) will be a newsgroup
which will provide a common forum to users and developers of products
based on the PowerPC architecture."
The comp.sys.mac.* groups are appropriate for discussions of
PowerPC-based Macintosh's.
[0-3] What other FAQs contain PowerPC information?
The Macintosh PowerPC FAQ contains information regarding PowerPC-based
Macs. This FAQ is posted to comp.sys.mac.hardware and news.answers,
among other places. It can also be obtained by fingering
sschecht@magnusug.acs.ohio-state.edu.
[0-4] What other net sources (ftp, gopher, etc.) contain PowerPC
information?
Apple's gopher server at info.hed.apple.com has press releases and
product descriptions available. PowerPC related information may be
found in:
Apple Corporate News/ [recent press releases]
Apple Technologies/PowerPC - white paper 6'93.
Product Information/PowerPC/
IBM's gopher server at ike.engr.washington.edu also has IBM press
releases and product information. PowerPC related information may be
found under:
IBM General News/
IBM Product Announcements/
IBM Detailed Product Announcements/
IBM Hardware Catalog/
(IBM's main gopher server is at top.gopher.ibm.com; the ike.engr site
can also be reached by selecting "IBM Kiosk for Education/" from the
top.gopher site.)
[0-5] Contributors.
The following people have contributed to this FAQ:
Stuart Schechter (Schechter.1@osu.edu) who maintains the Macintosh
PowerPC FAQ.
Robert Sprick (asrs@acad2.alaska.edu)
Alan Coopersmith (alanc@ocf.Berkeley.EDU)
========================================================================
[1] Processor
========================================================================
[1-1] What is a PowerPC?
A PowerPC is a microprocessor designed to meet a standard which was
jointly designed by Motorola, IBM, and Apple. The PowerPC standard
specifies a common instruction set architecture (ISA), allowing anyone
to design and fabricate PowerPC processors, which will run the same
code. The PowerPC architecture is based on the IBM POWER
architecture, used in IBM's RS/6000 workstations. Currently IBM and
Motorola are working on PowerPC chips.
The PowerPC standard specifies both 32-bit and 64-bit data paths.
Early implementations will be 32-bit; future higher-performance
implementations will be 64-bit. A PowerPC has 32 integer registers
(32- or 64-bit) and 32 floating point (IEEE standard 64-bit) floating
point registers.
NB: A PowerPC is not a computer, any more than an 80486 is a computer.
[1-2] How does PowerPC relate to POWER and POWER2?
As mentioned above, PowerPC is a direct descendant of POWER. POWER2
is also a descendant of POWER, developed by IBM for use in their
workstations and other systems. POWER2 was released at roughly the
same time as the first PowerPC chip. POWER2 is an eight-chip
multi-chip module (MCM) (four of these chips are cache) and is
substantially faster than PowerPC, as well as substantially more
expensive.
[1-3] What processors have been announced? What are their specs? When
will they be available?
PowerPC 601: The very first PowerPC. It was designed as bridge between
the POWER architecture and the PowerPC architecture, so it deviates from
the PowerPC standard slightly.
PowerPC 603: A low-power processor, intended for portable applications,
e.g., notebook computers. Performance is roughly comparable to the
601 (see below for benchmarks).
PowerPC 604: A higher-performance processor, intended for high-end
desktop systems.
PowerPC 620: An even higher-performance processor, aimed at high-end
systems and multiprocessors.
The 601 is manufactured by IBM and sold by Motorola. The 603 will be
manufactured by both IBM and Motorola.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
Proc Clk(MHz) Power(W) Price
------ -------- -------- -----
MPC601 50 9 275
60
66 6.5 350
80 490
MPC603 66 2.5
80 3
MPC604
MPC620
Data Func units Si Ship
Proc width (I/FP/BP/LS) Cache Trans Process date date
------ ----- ------------ ----- ----- ---------- ----- -------
MPC601 32 1/1/1/0 32U 2.8 0.6u CMOS Oct92 Apr 93
MPC603 32 1/1/1/1 8I/8D 0.5u CMOS Oct93 3Q 94
MPC604 mid 94?
MPC620 late 94?
Notes:
* Data width: datapath width, in bits
* Functional units: I = integer unit
FP = floating point unit
BP = branch processing unit
LS = load/store unit
* Cache: On-chip cache in kilobytes - I(nstruction), D(ata), U(nified)
* Price: in US dollars, for large quantities
* Trans: number of transistors, in millions
* Si date: first silicon date
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
[1-4] How fast is a PowerPC?
This table lists SPEC results for PowerPC machines, as well as a few
others, for comparison purposes. (SPEC is a benchmark suite designed to
test system performance. The SPECint portion uses integer-only code,
e.g., compilers; the SPECfp program uses floating point code, e.g.,
circuit simulation.)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- SPEC92 --
Processor Clock int fp Cache System
--------- ------ ----- ----- --------- -------------------
MPC601 66 MHz 62.6 72.2 0/32k IBM RS/6000 250
66 MHz 75 91 1M/32k Motorola estimate
80 MHz 77 93 0/32k Motorola estimate
80 MHz 85 105 1M/32k Motorola estimate
MPC603 66 MHz 60 70 1M/8k/8k Motorola estimate
80 MHz 75 85 1M/8k/8k Motorola estimate
MPC604
MPC620
i486DX2 66 MHz 32.2 16.0 256k/8k Compaq Deskpro
Pentium 66 MHz 65.1 63.6 256k/8k/8k Compaq Systempro/XL
{ I'd like to list a couple of high end 68040 Macs here, but I can't }
{ find SPEC numbers. If anyone has them, please let me know. }
Notes:
* Cache numbers are in kB: format is external/instruction/data or
external/unified.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
More information on the SPEC benchmark, including numbers for other
systems, is available in the newsgroup comp.benchmarks.
[1-5] Where can I get more information on the PowerPC?
Motorola publishes several brochures and manuals (free unless prices is
specified):
PowerPC Brochure (BR1135/D)
PowerPC 601 RISC Microprocessor Technical Summary (MPC601/D)
PowerPC 601 Hardware Specification (MPC601EC/D)
PowerPC Software Overview (compilers, assemblers, simulators,
loaders & debuggers) (SDP/D)
PowerPC C Compiler System, Product Review (CCOMPSTM/D)
PowerPC Fortran compilation System, Product Review
(FTRANCOMPSTM/D)
PowerPC Architectural Simulator, Product Review (PPCARCH32/D)
PowerPC 601 Programmer's Reference Guide (MPC601PRG/D)
PowerPC 601, User's Manual (MPC601UM/AD) -- $6.50
PowerPC Development Tools Catalog (MPCTOOLBK/AD) -- $4.50
PowerPC 603 RISC Microprocessor Technical Summary (MPC603/D)
All are available from Motorola's Literature Distribution Centers:
USA: Motorola Literature Distribution
P.O. Box 20912
Phoenix, AZ, 85036
1-800-441-2447
Europe: Motorola Ltd.
European Literature Center
88 Tanners Drive
Blakelands, Milton Keynes, MK14 5BP, England
Japan: Nippon Motorola Ltd.
4-32-1, Nishi-Gotanda, Shinagawa-ku
Tokyo 141 Japan
Asia-Pacific: Motorola Semiconductors H.K. Ltd.
Silicon Harbour Center
No. 2 Dai King Street
Tai Po Industrial Estate
Tai Po, N.T., Hong Kong
PowerPC manuals and databooks are also available from IBM:
1-800-POWERPC
This is a list of published PowerPC books:
IBM: _IBM RISC System/6000 Technology_.
[Describes the POWER architecture and the POWER-based RS/6000
workstations.]
IBM: _IBM RISC System/6000 Technology: Volume II_;
to be published in 1994; partial draft available via anonymous ftp:
ibminet.awdpa.ibm.com/pub/rs6kpapers/techbook.ps.
[Describes the PowerPC and POWER2 architectures and the workstations
based on these processors, including I/O, graphics, and system
software.]
IBM: _The IBM PowerPC Architecture: A New Family of RISC Processors_;
Morgan Kaufmann Publishers; Dec. 1993; ISBN 1-55860-316-6; $49.95.
["This book presents an overview of the current and forthcoming
PowerPC processor implementations in the PowerPC family of RISC
microprocessors from IBM and Motorola."]
Shlomo Weiss and James E Smith: IBM Power and PowerPC: Architecture
and Implementation; Morgan Kaufmann Publishers; Nov. 1993; ISBN
1-55860-279-8; $54.95.
["Writtten from the perspective of developers and teachers of high
performance computing, this book provides a wealth of information
about IBM's important contributions to the development and evolution
of RISC technology."]
========================================================================
[2] Hardware
========================================================================
[2-1] What PowerPC-based computers are/will be available? When will
they be available? How much will they cost?
-- Workstations
IBM's POWERStation 250 is based on a 66 MHz 601. Like the rest of the
RS/6000 family, it runs AIX (IBM's UNIX). The 250 is completely
compatible with the POWER-based RS/6000 line, and will run all RS/6000
software. Prices range from $5445 to $9395, depending on configuration.
They started shipping Oct., 1993.
Groupe Bull has announced three 66 Mhz workstations, running AIX.
Prices start at $5445.
-- Personal computers
IBM has announced a line of PCs -- three models have been demonstrated:
a desktop system, a laptop, and a 'green' machine. These systems will
include both PCI and ISA slots. They will be shipped with WorkplaceOS,
but several other OS's will run natively (when available): Solaris,
Windows NT, Personal AIX, AIX, and Taligent. No prices have been
announced, but they will likely be comparable to Pentium systems. They
will ship sometime in the second half on 1994.
Given that IBM is planning to release the PReP standard (see below),
compatible PCs will undoubtedly become available. As far as I know, no
formal announcements have been made, however.
Apple has announced Macintosh models based on the PowerPC. These will
be shipped with System 7, just like the 68k Macs. Most of the ROM code
has been ported and will run natively. They will also come with an
emulator which will allow them to run 68k Mac applications. Apple has
announced that the first models will ship sometime in the first half of
1994. According to rumor, prices on the new models will run from
$2000-4000. Portable PowerPC Mac's are expected in late 1994 or early
1995. Apple has also announced upgrades for higher-end 68k Macs
(replacement logic boards and processor direct slot (PDS) cards). In
addition, third-party upgrades, using Apple ROMs, will be available.
For more information on the PowerPC Macs, see the "Macintosh PowerPC
FAQ".
-- Other systems
Cetia (a subsidiary of Thompson-CSF) is selling VME single board
computers using a 66 MHz 601. Available OS's are UNI/XT (AIX) and
UNI/RT5 (LynxOS). Prices start at $6000.
[2-2] What is PReP?
The PowerPC Reference Platform (PReP) is a system standard, designed
by IBM, intended to ensure compatibility among PowerPC-based systems
built by different companies. The PReP standard specifies the PCI
bus, but will also support ISA, MicroChannel, and PCMCIA. The alpha
version of the document is currently available to "qualified companies
or individuals"; contact a Motorola SPS or IBM Microelectronics sales
office.
According to IBM, PReP-compliant systems will be able to run
WorkplaceOS, AIX, Solaris, Taligent, and Windows NT. IBM systems will
(of course) be PReP-compliant. Apple's first PowerPC Mac's will not
be compliant, but future Mac's may be.
========================================================================
[3] Software
========================================================================
[3-1] What operating systems will run on PowerPC-based computers?
When will they be available?
-- UNIX
Several flavors of UNIX have been (or will be) ported to the PowerPC.
IBM's AIX has been available since October 1993. There will also be a
version called Personal AIX, which will come without certain utilities
and development tools, for IBM's PC's.
Apple is expected to ship A/UX for the PowerPC.
Solaris has been ported to the PowerPC. Ports of NextStep and Novell
Netware are rumored to be underway.
-- System 7
PowerPC Macintosh's will ship with System 7, just like 68k Mac's. Much
of the Toolbox (system code in ROM) has been ported to the PowerPC; the
remainder will be emulated. Apple analyzed existing code to determine
the most frequently used Toolbox routines, and ported those first.
Eventually, all of the code will run natively.
Apple has begun licensing its Toolbox to other computer manufacturers.
The first use of this is in MAS, which allows PowerOpen-compliant OS's
to run Mac applications (see the section on emulators below).
-- Windows
Windows NT has been ported to the PowerPC. The expected release date is
sometime in mid-1994.
-- WorkplaceOS
IBM's personal systems will ship with WorkplaceOS (which can be
considered a replacement for OS/2). The native GUI was taken from OS/2.
In addition, "personalities" may be added to run AIX, DOS, Windows 3.x,
OS/2, and possibly Macintosh software.
-- Others
Taligent (see "What is Taligent" below).
------------------------------------------------------------------------
name company base OS GUI avail
---- ------- ------------ ------- ------
AIX 3.x IBM UNIX SysVR3 X+Motif Oct 93
A/UX Apple UNIX SysVR2 X? ?
NextStep Next Mach2 + BSD4.3 custom ?
Solaris 2.x SunSoft SysVR4 X+Motif ?
NetWare Novell SysVR4? ? ?
System 7 Apple custom custom 1H 94
Windows NT Microsoft custom custom mid 94
WorkplaceOS IBM Mach3 + custom ? 2H 94
Taligent Taligent custom custom? 95
------------------------------------------------------------------------
[3-2] What is PowerOpen?
The PowerOpen Association defines and promotes the PowerOpen
Environment (POE). The POE is not an operating system, it is a
definition containing an API specification as well as an ABI
specification. The presence of the ABI specification in the POE is a
factor distinguishing PowerOpen from other open systems (POSIX, XPG4,
etc.) since it allows achieving platform independent binary
compatibility. Outside of the POE, binary compatibility is typically
limited to a particular hardware platform.
The POE is an open standard, derived from AIX and conforming to
industry open standards including POSIX, XPG4, Motif, etc. The POE
specification will be publicly available to anyone wishing to produce
either applications or hardware platforms. The PowerOpen Association
will provide the necessary conformance testing and POE branding.
The key features of the POE follow:
* Based on the PowerPC architecture
* Hardware bus independence
* System implementations can range from laptops to supercomputers
* Requires a multi-user, multi-tasking operating system
* Networking support
* X windows extension
* Macintosh Application Services extension
* Motif
* Conformance tested and certified by an independent party
(PowerOpen Association)
The POE specification is targeted for availability in the first
quarter of 1994. The PowerOpen association will soon have some of the
information material available online.
(Thanks to Stuart Schechter for the above material.)
NB: PowerOpen is not itself an operating system -- it is only a
*standard*.
The PowerOpen Association, consists of IBM, Motorola, Apple, Bull,
Thomson-CSF, Harris, TadPole Technology, and others.
The next major version of AIX (version 4.x) will be PowerOpen-compliant.
Future versions of A/UX may also be compliant.
[3-3] What is Taligent / Pink?
Taligent is a company founded jointly by Apple and IBM in March 1992.
HP announced in January, 1994 that it would buy a 15% stake in Taligent.
They are working on an "object-oriented operating system", due to be
finished sometime in 1995. However, various independent pieces of
Taligent will likely appear to be used with other operating systems,
e.g., IBM's WorkplaceOS.
Pink is an older name for Taligent, dating back to work that Apple did
before the formation of Taligent.
[3-4] Will NextStep be ported to the PowerPC?
NextStep has been ported to the RS/6000 (POWER architecture), but is not
commercially available. According to rumors, NextStep has been seen
running on PowerPC machines. No official announcement has been made by
Next as to availability.
[3-5] Can IBM-PC / Macintosh software be run on PowerPC-based
computers?
Several emulators have been announced. Generally, these are intended to
run Macintosh or MS-DOS/Windows applications under the various native
operating systems.
-- Macintosh
Macintosh Application Services (MAS), supported by Apple, allows
PowerOpen-compliant OS's to run Mac applications. MAS includes a 68040
emulator and a PowerPC port of the Mac toolbox. This has been
demonstrated on IBM's PowerPC personal systems.
Executor, produced by ARDI, is currently available for NextStep and
NextStep/Intel, and will soon be available for MS-DOS, and Sun and
Alpha workstations. Executor emulates a 68040-based monochrome
Macintosh running System 6. ARDI uses reverse-engineered Toolbox
code, i.e., it was written from scratch from the interface specs. For
this reason, it it easily portable -- expect to see it ported to other
platforms (including the PowerPC) in the near future.
PowerPC-based Macintosh's will have the built-in capability to run 68k
Mac software. The 68k application code will be emulated (it emulates a
68EC040, with no FPU), but most of the system code has been ported.
-- MS-DOS/Windows
Wabi, produced by Sun, runs under UNIX/X. It emulates x86 code, and
translates Windwos calls to X calls. Support has been announced for
Solaris and AIX. Wabi is based on the public specs for the Windows ABI.
(Wabi originally stood for "Windows Application Binary Interface" --
it's spelled "Wabi", not "WABI", for trademark reasons.) This has been
demonstrated on IBM's PowerPC personal systems.
SoftPC and SoftWindows, produced by Insignia, runs under several OS's:
Mac, Windows NT, NextStep, and various other UNIX flavors. It emulates
80286/80287 code and Windows calls. Insignia has licensed the Windows
source code from Microsoft.
WorkplaceOS will support MS-DOS and Windows personalities -- see the
description of WPOS, above.
========================================================================
[4] Comparisons
========================================================================
[4-1] Should I buy a PowerPC system rather than a Pentium or 68k
system?
Apple is committed to making their PowerPC Macintosh's feel just like
the 68k Mac's, but faster. It looks like they will eventually switch
the entire Mac line over to the PowerPC. If you plan to buy a new Mac,
this is probably the way to go.
A Pentium system will run existing x86 code faster than a 601 will
emulate it. If you need to run x86 code as fast as possible, buy a
Pentium box.
On the other hand, many x86 applications will probably be ported to
the PowerPC. The extent of this porting will likely determine the
success of the PowerPC in the personal computer market.
Benchmarks comparing the 601 and the Pentium (see the table above) show
the 601 to be slightly ahead, more so in floating point benchmarks.
However, the performance of future processors in the Intel x86 and
PowerPC cannot be accurately predicted, so any advice here is likely to
be religious (and will be avoided in the FAQ).
[4-2] What will be the differences between the various
PowerPC-based personal computers?
It looks like there will be two major types of PowerPC-based personal
computers (note, this is not counting workstations): the Apple Macintosh
line, and PReP-compliant machines. The basic hardware will not be
fundamentally different -- the real difference will be in the supported
operating systems for each class.
It is still unclear whether Apple is going to produce Macs which will
conform to the PReP standard, and whether the Mac OS will run on PReP
machines. The potential exists for a standard which would allow any
PowerPC-based machine to run any PowerPC operating system; whether this
will happen remains to be seen.
========================================================================
[5] Misc
========================================================================
[5-1] What's the deal with Ford and the PowerPC?
Ford and Motorola have signed an agreement resulting in a custom
PowerPC to be used by Ford as a powertrain controller. This chip is
apparently fairly similar to the 603.